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Raising Pets in Muslim Houses: Rules, Etiquettes, and Benefits
Islam teaches kindness and responsibility toward all living creatures, including pets, as part of its message of mercy and respect for all of Allah’s creations. This compassion isn’t just for people but extends to every animal, reminding us that all life is connected and important in Islam. The Prophet Muhammad (ﷺ), known as a mercy to the worlds, showed great care for animals and taught us through his actions how to treat them with kindness and respect. He reminded us that caring for animals is a trust and a way to earn Allah’s reward.
At a time when animals were often mistreated or doesn’t have any rights from a religious prespictifve, the Prophet’s teachings stood out as an example of how to be kind and fair. From his gentle interactions with cats and birds to his warnings against overworking animals, he gave us many lessons on how to care for them. This guide explains the rules, manners, and benefits of raising pets in a way that follows Islamic teachings. It also shares inspiring stories from the Prophet’s life and explores how having pets can bring joy and blessings to your home. Whether you already have pets or are thinking about getting one, this article will help you care for them in a way that pleases Allah.
The Islamic Framework of Animal Welfare
The treatment of animals in Islam is rooted in the principles of mercy and justice. Allah says in the Quran:
“There is no creature on earth or bird that flies with its wings except that they are communities like you. We have not left anything out of the Record. Then to their Lord, they will be gathered.” (Surah Al-An’am 6:38)
This verse emphasizes the inherent value of animals as creations of Allah, worthy of respect and care. It presents the perspective of viewing animals as distinct communities with their own lives and unique statuses.
Prophetic Example: Mercy Toward All Creatures
The Prophet Muhammad (ﷺ) embodied mercy and compassion in all aspects of his life, including his treatment of animals. He often reminded his companions that animals, like humans, are part of Allah’s creation and must be treated with care and respect. His teachings emphasize that animals have rights and that it is a grave sin to harm or neglect them.
The Quran further supports this ethic, stating:
“And We have certainly honored the children of Adam… and carried them on the land and sea, and provided for them of the good things, and preferred them over much of what We have created, with [definite] preference.” (Surah Al-Isra 17:70)
This honor granted to humans includes the responsibility to be compassionate caretakers of other creatures.
The Camel’s Complaint
One day, while walking in a garden, the Prophet Muhammad (ﷺ) noticed a camel crying in distress. The camel’s eyes were swollen with tears, and its body showed signs of being overworked and underfed. The Prophet (ﷺ) approached the camel, placed his blessed hand on its head, and spoke softly to calm it.
After consoling the animal, he asked,
“Who owns this camel?”
A man from the Ansar stepped forward and acknowledged ownership. The Prophet (ﷺ) reprimanded him, saying:
“Do you not fear Allah regarding this animal that He has placed in your possession? It has complained to me that you starve it and overwork it.” (Abu Dawood)
This powerful story illustrates that animals have a voice in Allah’s eyes, and their suffering is not overlooked. The Prophet (ﷺ) stood as a defender of the voiceless, reminding Muslims of their duty to treat animals humanely.
The Bird and Her Chicks
Another heartfelt example of the Prophet’s (ﷺ) mercy is the story of a bird and her chicks. One of the companions had taken chicks from a nest, causing the mother bird to flutter frantically in distress. Seeing this, the Prophet (ﷺ) immediately intervened and said:
“Who has hurt this bird by taking her chicks? Return them to her immediately.” (Abu Dawood)
This incident highlights the importance of considering not only the physical but also the emotional well-being of animals. Even a small bird’s distress did not escape the Prophet’s attention.
The Story of the Cow
The Prophet Muhammad (ﷺ) also narrated a remarkable story about a cow to teach his companions the value of mercy and justice toward animals.
In a narration, the Prophet (ﷺ) said:
“While a man was riding a cow, the cow turned to him and said, ‘I have not been created for this purpose. I was created to plow the land.’ The people listening to the Prophet (ﷺ) exclaimed, ‘SubhanAllah! A cow speaks!’ The Prophet replied, ‘I believe this, and so do Abu Bakr and Umar.’ “ (Bukhari)
This story is not just miraculous but deeply meaningful. It shows that animals have a specific purpose in life and should not be misused or forced into roles that go against their nature. The cow’s statement reminds us that all creatures are created for a reason and must be treated accordingly.
Lessons from the Prophetic Examples
The stories of the camel, the bird, and the cow collectively offer profound lessons:
- Animals Have Feelings
Islam acknowledges that animals experience emotions like pain, fear, and distress. Ignoring their suffering is a violation of their rights. - Respect Their Purpose
Animals are created for specific purposes, whether to provide food, assist in labor, or simply be part of the ecosystem. Forcing them into unnatural roles is unjust. - Compassion is a Form of Worship
Showing mercy to animals can lead to Allah’s pleasure and forgiveness. Acts of kindness toward animals, no matter how small, are counted as good deeds. - Responsibility as Caretakers
Animals entrusted to us are an amanah (trust) from Allah. Whether they are working animals, pets, or wild creatures, we are accountable for how we treat them.
These prophetic stories provide timeless guidance for Muslims on how to treat animals with kindness, fairness, and respect. They remind us that caring for animals is not just a social responsibility but a spiritual one, bringing us closer to Allah and His mercy.
Types of Pets Permissible in Islam
Islam permits keeping certain animals as pets, provided their needs are met and their care does not interfere with religious obligations.
1. Cats: The Beloved Companion
Cats hold a special place in Islamic tradition. The Prophet Muhammad (ﷺ) showed great affection for cats and allowed them in his home. It is narrated that a cat once drank from the water used by the Prophet (ﷺ), and he did not show any discomfort or objection.
In one narration, Abu Hurairah (RA) reported that the Prophet (ﷺ) said:
“A cat is not impure. It is one of those who go around among you.” (Sunan Abi Dawood 76, Tirmidhi 92)
Abu Hurairah (RA) who narrated more than 5000 hadith was given his nickname, which means “Father of the Kitten,” because of his affection for cats. It is reported that Abu Hurairah (RA) used to keep a small kitten with him, often carrying it in his sleeve or on his shoulder as he went about his daily activities.
The Prophet Muhammad (ﷺ) noticed his fondness for the cat and affectionately called him “Abu Hurairah,” a name that stuck with him for the rest of his life. This nickname reflected not only his love for cats but also the playful and warm relationship the Prophet (ﷺ) had with his companions.
2. Dogs: Permissible with Conditions
Dogs are allowed in Islam under specific circumstances only, such as for guarding property, assisting in hunting, or as service animals. However, there are guidelines regarding their care and interaction due to concerns about cleanliness. The Prophet (ﷺ) said:
“The purification of a utensil belonging to any one of you, if it is licked by a dog, is to wash it seven times, the first of which should be with earth.” (Muslim)
Despite restrictions, Islam encourages kindness to dogs.
The Prophet Muhammad (ﷺ) narrated:
“A man was walking along a road when he felt very thirsty. He found a well, climbed down into it, and drank his fill. As he came out, he saw a dog panting and licking the mud because of excessive thirst. The man said, ‘This dog is suffering from the same thirst as I was.’ So he went back down into the well, filled his shoe with water, and held it in his mouth as he climbed back up. He then gave the dog water to drink. Allah appreciated his deed and forgave him.”
The companions asked:
“O Messenger of Allah, is there a reward for us in serving animals?”
He replied:
“Yes, there is a reward for serving every living being.” (Bukhari and Muslim)
The Prophet Muhammad (ﷺ) narrated another story:
“A woman of ill repute saw a dog panting around a well on a hot day, nearly dying of thirst. She drew water with her shoe and gave it to the dog to drink. Because of this, Allah forgave her sins.” (Bukhari)
Despite her sins, her single act of kindness toward a thirsty dog was enough to earn her Allah’s mercy and forgiveness. This story is a powerful reminder that Allah’s compassion is vast, and sincere acts of kindness can outweigh even great sins.
An important note
Raising Dogs in houses without a need is not allowed for two reasons:
- Reduction of Rewards
The Prophet Muhammad (ﷺ) said:
“Whoever keeps a dog, except for hunting, herding livestock, or farming, two qirats (a measure) of his reward will be deducted daily.” (Bukhari and Muslim)
This hadith shows that keeping a dog without a valid reason affects a person’s spiritual rewards. The exceptions—hunting, herding, and guarding—indicate that dogs may be kept when their presence serves a clear, beneficial purpose.
- The Angel’s Reluctance to Enter Homes with Dogs
The Prophet (ﷺ) said:
“The angels do not enter a house in which there is a dog or an image.” (Bukhari and Muslim)
This hadith highlights a spiritual concern about raising dogs in homes, as angels are a source of blessings and protection, and their absence can negatively affect the spiritual environment of the house.
3. Birds and Domesticated Animals
The Prophet (ﷺ) allowed keeping birds as pets. It is reported that Abu Umayr, a young boy, had a pet bird, and the Prophet would playfully ask him:
“O Abu Umayr, what happened to the little sparrow?” (Bukhari and Muslim)
This incident highlights that keeping birds as pets is permissible, provided they are treated kindly, given adequate space, and not confined unnecessarily.
4. Horses
Horses hold a special place in Islamic tradition, as they were important for transportation, battle, and other essential activities during the time of the Prophet Muhammad (ﷺ). Several hadiths highlight the virtues of horses, their care, and the rewards associated with owning and using them for lawful purposes.
-The Prophet Muhammad (ﷺ) said:
“Goodness is tied to the forelocks of horses until the Day of Resurrection. They bring rewards, spoils of war, or burdens [for those who use them for lawful purposes].”
(Sahih al-Bukhari 2849, Sahih Muslim 1871)
This hadith highlights the blessings associated with horses, especially when they are used for noble purposes such as defending the Muslim community or serving lawful needs.
– Prophet Muhammad (ﷺ) said: “If someone ties a horse for the cause of Allah, out of faith in Him and in His promise, he will receive rewards for every bite it eats, every drink it takes, and even for its droppings and urine.”
(Sahih al-Bukhari 2853, Sahih Muslim 1876)
This shows the immense spiritual rewards for those who care for horses with the intention of pleasing Allah, whether they are used for battle, work, or any other beneficial activity.
- Horses in the Context of War
The Prophet Muhammad (ﷺ) said:
“There are three types of horses: one that brings rewards, one that brings protection, and one that brings burden. A horse that brings rewards is the one tied for the cause of Allah, and its owner receives rewards for every step it takes. A horse that brings protection is the one kept for livelihood or to help sustain oneself without overburdening others. A horse that brings burden is the one kept for pride, showing off, or gambling purposes.”
(Sunan Ibn Majah 2239)
This hadith categorizes horses based on their use, emphasizing that when they are used for lawful and beneficial purposes, they bring rewards, but keeping them for vanity or sinful acts is discouraged.
- Races and Exercise for Horses
The Prophet (ﷺ) also recognized the value of horse races for exercise and training. He said:
“There is no competition except in three: a race with arrows, a race between camels, and a race between horses.”
(Sunan Abi Dawood 2574)
This indicates the importance of physical training and preparation, particularly in the context of battle or developing skills for survival.
Guidelines and Precautions for Raising Pets
When raising pets, Muslims should adhere to the following principles:
1. Adequate Provision and Care
Animals rely on their owners for food, water, and shelter. Neglecting these needs is a grave sin. The Prophet (ﷺ) said:
“A woman was punished in Hell because of a cat she had confined until it died. She did not give it to eat or drink, nor did she free it to eat from the creatures of the earth.” (Bukhari and Muslim)
This woman was condemned for her negligence and lack of mercy. She confined the cat, depriving it of food and water, and failed to release it so that it could fend for itself by hunting. As a result, the cat died of starvation and thirst. Her punishment reflects the severity of her sin and serves as a warning to others.
2. Hygiene and Cleanliness
Maintaining cleanliness is an essential aspect of Islamic living. When keeping pets:
- Clean their living areas regularly.
- Ensure they do not contaminate prayer spaces.
- For dogs, follow the purification method if utensils or surfaces are licked.
3. Avoid Overburdening Animals
Animals must not be overworked or subjected to tasks beyond their capacity. The Prophet (ﷺ) once saw a donkey with a branded face and said:
“May Allah curse the one who branded it.” (Muslim)
This highlights the prohibition of causing physical harm or distress to animals.
4. Respect Their Nature
Animals should be treated according to their natural instincts. Birds need space to fly, and dogs require exercise. Confining animals to unsuitable environments is discouraged.
5. Fiqh rules regarding interacting with animals
The Prophet Muhammad (ﷺ) emphasized cleanliness and provided clear guidelines for interactions with animals to maintain both physical and spiritual purity. Regarding dogs, he said: “If a dog licks a utensil, wash it seven times, the first time with soil.” (Muslim). This means that if a dog drinks from or licks a container and you want to use it for any other purposes, the utensil must be thoroughly washed seven times, one of which should involve soil or another cleansing agent, Alternatively, you could designate this utensil exclusively for the dog’s use. This process ensures both physical cleanliness and spiritual purity. Touching a dog’s fur is not considered impure unless it is wet (in Shafi madhab), but contact with a dog’s saliva requires purification (in all madhabs except Maliki).
In contrast, cats are regarded as pure in Islam. The Prophet Muhammad (ﷺ) said: “They [cats] are not impure; they are among those who go around among you.” (Tirmidhi). If a cat drinks from a utensil, the water remains clean, and the utensil does not require special purification. Cats are permitted indoors, and their presence does not affect the cleanliness of the prayer space as long as their waste is properly managed.
Livestock and other domesticated animals, such as goats, cows, and chickens, are often kept for their utility, but their enclosures must be kept clean to prevent disease and unpleasant odors. If animal droppings are present in a prayer area, they must be removed, as they are considered impure. Utensils used for milking or feeding animals should also be kept clean and free from contamination to ensure hygiene. These teachings demonstrate Islam’s emphasis on both kindness toward animals and the maintenance of cleanliness in all interactions with them.
Spiritual and Emotional Benefits of Raising Pets
Keeping pets is not only an act of responsibility but also a source of emotional and spiritual enrichment.
1. Rewards in the Hereafter
Caring for animals with the intention of pleasing Allah can bring immense rewards. Acts of kindness toward pets are a form of sadaqah (charity). As illustrated by the story of the man who gave water to a thirsty dog, such acts can lead to forgiveness and divine mercy.
2. Emotional Healing
Pets provide companionship and alleviate loneliness, especially for the elderly or those living alone. Their presence can reduce stress and anxiety, creating a peaceful household.
3. Benefits for Children
Raising pets in a household with children offers numerous benefits:
- Teaches Responsibility: Caring for pets helps children learn accountability.
- Fosters Empathy: Interacting with animals cultivates compassion and kindness.
- Encourages Patience: Training and nurturing a pet require time and effort, teaching children patience.
Challenges of Pet Ownership and Their Solutions
Raising pets comes with challenges, but these can be addressed with proper planning:
1. Allergies or Health Issues
Opt for hypoallergenic animals like certain breeds of cats or dogs. Maintain strict hygiene practices to reduce allergens.
2. Space Constraints
Select pets appropriate for your living situation. Fish or small birds are ideal for apartments, while larger animals require more space.
3. Balancing Care with Religious Duties
Designate specific areas for pets to ensure cleanliness in prayer spaces. Teach children the importance of maintaining hygiene when interacting with pets.
Conclusion
Raising pets in a Muslim household is a noble endeavor when approached with sincerity and adherence to Islamic guidelines. The stories of the Prophet Muhammad (ﷺ) serve as timeless reminders of the responsibility and rewards of caring for Allah’s creatures. By ensuring the well-being of pets, Muslims can enrich their lives, foster compassion, and earn blessings in both this world and the Hereafter.
May Allah guide us to fulfill our duties toward all His creation with kindness and mercy. Ameen.
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